Allama Iqbal, also known as Muhammad Iqbal, was a prominent philosopher, poet, and politician in British India. He is considered one of the most important figures in Urdu literature, and his poetry has had a profound impact on the culture and society of Pakistan.

Early Life and Education:

Allama Iqbal was born on November 9, 1877, in Sialkot, Punjab, British India (now in Pakistan). His father Sheikh Noor Muhammad was a tailor and a devout Muslim, while his mother Imam Bibi was a pious and educated lady. Iqbal showed a keen interest in literature


and poetry from a young age and was a bright student. He completed his early education at the Scotch Mission College in Sialkot and then went on to study at Government College Lahore, where he earned a Bachelor's degree in 1897. He then pursued a Master's degree in philosophy, also from Government College Lahore, and completed it in 1899. He later went to England to study law at Trinity College, Cambridge, and earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1906 and a Doctor of Philosophy degree in 1907.

Career:

Upon returning to India, Allama Iqbal began his career as a professor of philosophy at Government College Lahore. He was a prolific writer and contributed extensively to Urdu literature. He also played an active role in the politics of British India and was a staunch advocate of Indian nationalism and Muslim rights. In 1926, he was elected as the President of the All India Muslim League, and he played a key role in the demand for a separate Muslim state.

Philosophy and Poetry:

Allama Iqbal was a profound philosopher and his ideas on religion, politics, and society were revolutionary. He believed that the Muslims of India needed to rediscover their Islamic heritage and rise up against colonialism and oppression. He proposed the idea of an


independent Muslim state, which later became a reality in the form of Pakistan. His poetry, which he wrote in both Urdu and Persian, was deeply philosophical and addressed themes of love, spirituality, and self-realization. His works include "Asrar-e-Khudi," "Rumuz-i-Bekhudi," "Zarb-i-Kalim," and "Bang-i-Dara."

Death and Legacy:

Allama Iqbal died on April 21, 1938, in Lahore, British India. He is considered a national hero in Pakistan and his poetry continues to be widely read and celebrated. He is credited with inspiring the Pakistan Movement and his ideas continue to be influential in shaping the political and cultural discourse of Pakistan. In recognition of his contributions, he was posthumously awarded the title of "Sir" by King George V in 1922, and the Government of Pakistan named him the national poet in 1954. His birth anniversary is celebrated as a national holiday in Pakistan.